Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
What Is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It develops from basal cells in the skin and usually grows slowly.
Although BCC rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause significant local damage if left untreated.
Common Signs of BCC
- a pearly or shiny lump
- a flat, pale or flesh-coloured patch
- a sore that doesn’t heal
- a scaly or crusted area
Diagnosing Basal Cell Carcinoma
Ongoing Monitoring
Early detection saves lives.
About Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer in Australia. It begins in the basal cells at the base of the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis) and is usually caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or solariums. BCC tends to grow slowly and very rarely spreads to other parts of the body (metastasises), but left untreated it can grow deeper and damage nearby skin, tissue and, in some cases, bone.
Who is most at risk
The main risk factor is cumulative sun exposure over a lifetime, so BCC is more common with age and in people who have spent a lot of time outdoors. Other factors that increase risk include fair skin that burns easily, light-coloured eyes and hair, a history of sunburn or solarium use, a previous skin cancer, a weakened immune system, and a family history of skin cancer. BCC can still occur in people with darker skin and on areas that get little sun, so any new or changing spot is worth checking.
What basal cell carcinoma can look like
BCC most often appears on sun-exposed areas such as the face, nose, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders and back. It can show up in several ways: a pearly or shiny bump, sometimes with small visible blood vessels; a flat, firm, pale or scaly patch; a sore that bleeds, crusts, heals and then returns; or a pink or red shiny area. Because these signs can look like other harmless skin conditions, a spot that does not heal within a few weeks, or that changes in size, shape or colour, should be assessed by a doctor.
How basal cell carcinoma is diagnosed
A doctor examines the spot, often using a dermatoscope — a handheld magnifier with a light that reveals patterns not visible to the naked eye. If BCC is suspected, the diagnosis is confirmed with a biopsy, where a small sample of skin is taken and examined under a microscope. The biopsy also identifies the subtype of BCC, which helps guide the most appropriate treatment.
How basal cell carcinoma is treated
Most BCCs are highly treatable, especially when found early. The right approach depends on the subtype, size and location of the cancer and your individual circumstances, and is decided with your doctor. Options can include minor surgery to remove the spot, specialised surgical techniques for higher-risk areas such as the face, freezing (cryotherapy) for some superficial lesions, prescription creams for certain superficial BCCs, and other treatments such as radiotherapy in selected cases. Your doctor will explain which options are suitable for you.
Why early detection matters
When BCC is found and treated early, it is usually straightforward to manage and outcomes are generally very good. Detecting it early also tends to mean simpler treatment and a smaller scar. Because people who have had one BCC are more likely to develop another, ongoing skin awareness and regular checks — as advised by your doctor — are an important part of looking after your skin.
Frequently asked questions about Basal cell carcinoma
Is basal cell carcinoma dangerous?
How fast does a BCC grow?
How is a basal cell carcinoma removed?
When should I see a doctor about a spot?
Further reading from trusted health authorities: healthdirect and Cancer Council Australia.
This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for personalised medical advice. If you are concerned about a spot on your skin, please see a doctor.
