Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
What Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common form of skin cancer that develops from squamous cells in the outer layer of the skin.
SCC can grow more quickly than basal cell carcinoma and may spread if left untreated.
Signs and Symptoms of SCC
SCC may present as:
- a firm, red nodule
- a scaly or crusted patch
- a sore that bleeds or doesn’t heal
- thickened, rough skin
Diagnosing SCC
- clinical examination
- dermoscopy
- biopsy where required
Treatment for Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- surgical excision
- biopsy and further management
- follow-up surveillance
Early detection saves lives.
About Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer in Australia. It develops from the flat, squamous cells in the upper layer of the skin and is strongly linked to long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. SCC can grow more quickly than basal cell carcinoma and, although the risk is still low, it is more likely than BCC to spread if it is not treated — so finding and treating it early is important.
Who is most at risk
As with other skin cancers, the biggest risk factor is cumulative UV exposure, so SCC is more common with age and in people who have had a lot of sun over their lifetime. Risk is higher in people with fair skin, a history of sunburn or solarium use, outdoor workers, people who have had a previous skin cancer, and people with a weakened immune system (for example, organ transplant recipients). SCC sometimes develops from sunspots (actinic keratoses), which are rough, scaly patches caused by sun damage.
What squamous cell carcinoma can look like
SCC usually appears on areas that get the most sun, such as the head, face, ears, lips, neck, backs of the hands and forearms. It can look like a thickened, red, scaly or crusted spot; a firm lump that may be tender; a sore that does not heal or that bleeds; or a wart-like growth. SCC can sometimes feel sore or tender. Any spot that grows, bleeds, crusts or does not heal within a few weeks should be checked by a doctor.
How squamous cell carcinoma is diagnosed
A doctor examines the area, often with a dermatoscope, and confirms the diagnosis with a biopsy — taking a small sample of skin to examine under a microscope. The biopsy confirms whether the spot is an SCC and provides information that helps guide treatment, such as how deep it is.
How squamous cell carcinoma is treated
Most SCCs are treated effectively, particularly when found early. Treatment is chosen with your doctor based on the size, location and features of the cancer. Removing the cancer with minor surgery under local anaesthetic is the most common approach. Other options can include specialised surgery for higher-risk areas, freezing or curettage for some small, early lesions, and radiotherapy in selected cases. If an SCC is more advanced, your doctor will discuss further treatment and referral.
Why early detection matters
SCC is usually very treatable when found early, and early treatment reduces the small chance that it could spread. Because SCC can grow faster than other common skin cancers, it is worth acting promptly on any spot that is growing, bleeding or not healing. People who have had an SCC have a higher chance of developing another skin cancer, so ongoing skin checks — as advised by your doctor — are important.
Frequently asked questions about Squamous cell carcinoma
Is squamous cell carcinoma dangerous?
How quickly does an SCC grow?
What is the difference between BCC and SCC?
When should I see a doctor about a spot?
Further reading from trusted health authorities: healthdirect and Cancer Council Australia.
This page provides general information only and is not a substitute for personalised medical advice. If you are concerned about a spot on your skin, please see a doctor.
