Melanoma
What Is Melanoma?
Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin. While melanoma is less common than other types of skin cancer, it is more dangerous because it can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early.
Australia has one of the highest melanoma rates in the world, largely due to high ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Early detection through regular doctor-led skin checks significantly improves survival rates.
How Melanoma Develops
Melanoma usually develops as a new spot on the skin or from an existing mole that changes in appearance. UV radiation damages the DNA of skin cells, leading to abnormal growth over time.
Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, including areas not commonly exposed to the sun, such as the soles of the feet or under the nails.
Signs and Symptoms of Melanoma
- Asymmetry – one half does not match the other
- Border – irregular, blurred, or uneven edges
- Colour – multiple colours or uneven pigmentation
- Diameter – larger than 6 mm (but can be smaller)
- Evolving – changes in size, shape, colour, or sensation
Diagnosing Melanoma
- medical history review
- full skin examination
- dermoscopic assessment
- biopsy where indicated
Melanoma Treatment
- surgical excision
- full skin examination
- dermoscopic assessment
- biopsy where indicated
Why Early Detection Matters
When melanoma is detected early, treatment is often highly effective. Delayed diagnosis increases the risk of spread and more complex treatment.
Regular doctor-led skin checks are one of the most effective ways to detect melanoma early.
