Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common reasons people see a GP. Around 1 in 2 women will have at least one UTI in their lifetime, and though less common in men, they can be more serious. Early treatment with the right antibiotic usually resolves a UTI within 48–72 hours — but untreated UTIs can spread to the kidneys and become dangerous.
Common Symptoms of a UTI
- Burning or stinging pain when you urinate
- Needing to urinate frequently, often with only a small amount
- Sudden, urgent need to urinate (urge incontinence)
- Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine
- Blood in the urine (pink, red, or tea-coloured)
- Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
- Feeling unwell, tired, or low-grade fever
Warning Signs — See a GP Immediately
A simple bladder UTI can spread up to the kidneys, causing a much more serious condition called pyelonephritis. See a GP urgently (or go to an emergency department) if you develop:
- Fever above 38°C or chills and shaking
- Pain in your back or flank (either side of the lower back)
- Nausea or vomiting
- Confusion or feeling very unwell
- UTI symptoms in pregnancy (any stage)
- UTI symptoms in a child, particularly a baby
- UTI symptoms in a man — this is less common and usually needs assessment
Can I Treat a UTI at Home?
Mild UTIs can sometimes resolve on their own with plenty of water, paracetamol for pain, and avoiding bladder irritants (caffeine, alcohol, spicy food). Over-the-counter urinary alkalinisers (e.g. Ural) can ease the burning while you wait for your GP appointment.
However, most UTIs need antibiotics. If symptoms have been present for more than 24 hours, are worsening, or you fit any of the warning signs above, book a GP appointment or telehealth consultation promptly.
What to Expect at a GP Appointment
Your GP will ask about your symptoms and may request a urine sample for testing. A simple dipstick test can confirm infection in minutes, and your GP will usually start you on antibiotics immediately if the dipstick is positive. If the infection is complicated or recurrent, a laboratory urine culture (MCS) identifies the exact bacterium and which antibiotics will work best.
Typical treatment is a 3–5 day course of antibiotics. Symptoms usually improve within 24–48 hours of starting treatment. Complete the full course even if you feel better — stopping early can cause the infection to come back stronger.
Preventing Recurrent UTIs
- Drink plenty of water throughout the day
- Do not delay urinating when you need to go
- Wipe front to back after using the toilet (women)
- Urinate after sexual intercourse
- Avoid heavily perfumed soaps, bubble baths, and douches
- Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothes
- Consider cranberry supplements (evidence is mixed but some people find them helpful)
If you have 3 or more UTIs in a year, talk to your GP about recurrent UTI management — options include low-dose preventive antibiotics, post-coital antibiotics, vaginal oestrogen (post-menopausal women), or referral to a urologist.
UTIs and Pregnancy
UTIs during pregnancy are more common and more serious because an untreated infection can lead to preterm labour, kidney infection, or blood poisoning. Any urinary symptoms in pregnancy should be checked by a GP the same day. Antibiotics safe in pregnancy are routinely used and highly effective.
Find a Family Doctor Clinic Near You
A suspected UTI should not wait. Family Doctor clinics offer same-day appointments for urinary infections, including telehealth consultations where your GP can prescribe antibiotics after reviewing your symptoms.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get antibiotics for a UTI via telehealth?
Yes. If your GP is confident your symptoms are from a UTI and you are not in a high-risk group, they can prescribe antibiotics via a telehealth consultation. Visit mygponline.com.au for 24/7 telehealth access, or book with your local Family Doctor clinic.
How long before antibiotics start working?
Most people feel significant improvement within 24–48 hours of starting antibiotics. If you are not improving after 2 days, contact your GP — the bacteria may be resistant to the antibiotic and you may need a different one.
Can men get UTIs?
Yes, though UTIs are much less common in men. A UTI in a man is never considered “simple” — it usually means there is an underlying issue such as a prostate problem, kidney stone, or anatomic abnormality. Men with UTI symptoms should always see a GP for assessment.
Can children get UTIs?
Yes, and they require prompt treatment. Symptoms in young children can be non-specific (fever, irritability, poor feeding, vomiting) so UTI should be considered in any unwell child. Recurrent UTIs in children should be investigated by a GP with possible paediatric referral.